| Allen Lewis | 1873–1957 | 1 |
| C. S. (Clive Staples) Lewis | 1898–1963 | 1 |
| Charlton M. (Charlton Miner) Lewis | 1866–1923 | 1 |
| David Lewis | 1814–1895 | 1 |
| Elisha J. (Elisha Jarrett) Lewis | 1820–1877 | 1 |
| H. Elvet (Howell Elvet) Lewis | 1860–1953 | 1 |
| M. G. (Matthew Gregory) Lewis | 1775–1818 | 2 |
| Margaret W. (Margaret Wiseham) Lewis | born 1837 | 1 |
| Meriwether Lewis | 1774–1809 | 2 |
| Orlando Faulkland Lewis | 1873–1922 | — |
| Sinclair Lewis | 1885–1951 | 5 |
| W. S. (Wilmarth Sheldon) Lewis | 1895–1979 | 1 |
| Ludwig Lewisohn | 1882–1955 | 4 |
| Willy Ley | 1906–1969 | 7 |
| Alexander Leydenfrost | 1888–1961 | 1 |
| Frank X. Leyendecker | 1877–1924 | 1 |
| Bai Li | 701–762 | 2 |
| Boyuan Li | 1867–1906 | 3 |
| Chunfeng Li | 602–670 | 1 |
| Gao Li | 1180–1251 | 1 |
| He Li | 790–816 | 1 |
| Qingzhao Li | 1081–1141 | 1 |
| Shangyin Li | 813–858 | 1 |
| Yu Li | 1611–1680 | 4 |
| Heng Lian | 1878–1936 | 1 |
| Laura Jean Libbey | 1862–1924 | 1 |
| Maurice Liber | 1884–1956 | 1 |
| Alfred Lichtenstein | 1889–1914 | 2 |
| Théodore Licquet | 1787–1832 | 1 |
| Jonas Lie | 1833–1908 | 7 |
| Sophus Lie | 1842–1899 | 1 |
| Liebig, Justus, Freiherr von | 1803–1873 | 1 |
| M. Lievevrouw-Coopman | 1857–1916 | 1 |
| J. B. (Joseph Barber) Lightfoot | 1828–1889 | 1 |
| W. D. (William Douw) Lighthall | 1857–1954 | 7 |
| James T. (James Thomas) Lightwood | 1856–1944 | 1 |
| Ottilie A. (Ottilia Adelina) Liljencrantz | 1876–1910 | 2 |
| Will Lillibridge | 1878–1909 | 2 |
| William Lilly | 1602–1681 | 1 |
| Jaime de Magalhães Lima | 1859–1936 | 6 |
| João de Figueiredo Maio e Lima | 1779–1851 | 1 |
| S. de Magalhães (Sebastião de Magalhães) Lima | 1850–1928 | 4 |
| Ângelo Vaz Pinto Azevedo Coutinho de Lima | 1872–1921 | — |
| P. A. S. van (Petrus Abraham Samuel) Limburg Brouwer | 1829–1873 | 1 |
| Abraham Lincoln | 1809–1865 | 20 |
| Jeanie Gould Lincoln | 1846–1921 | 1 |
| Joseph Crosby Lincoln | 1870–1944 | 17 |
| Mary J. (Mary Johnson) Lincoln | 1844–1921 | 1 |
| Natalie Sumner Lincoln | 1881–1935 | 3 |
| Rudolf Lindau | 1829–1910 | 1 |
| Frank Bird Linderman | 1869–1938 | 1 |
| Henry Lindlahr | 1862–1924 | 1 |
| Anna Robertson Brown Lindsay | 1864–1948 | 1 |
| David Lindsay | 1876–1945 | 1 |
| Jack Lindsay | 1900–1990 | 1 |
| Maud Lindsay | 1874–1941 | 2 |
| Norman Lindsay | 1879–1969 | 3 |
| Vachel Lindsay | 1879–1931 | 4 |
| Mengchu Ling | 1580–1644 | 1 |
| John Lingard | 1771–1851 | 1 |
| Charles Ramsdell Lingley | 1877–1934 | 1 |
| Henry C. (Henry Charles) Link | 1889–1952 | 1 |
| William Alexander Linn | 1846–1917 | 1 |
| Johannes Linnankoski | 1869–1913 | 6 |
| Carl von Linné | 1707–1778 | 1 |
| E. Lynn (Elizabeth Lynn) Linton | 1822–1898 | 1 |
| W. J. (William James) Linton | 1812–1897 | 1 |
| Edward Barnard Lintott | 1875–1951 | 1 |
| Francis J. (Francis James) Lippitt | 1812–1902 | 1 |
| Julie M. Lippmann | 1864–1952 | 3 |
| Walter Lippmann | 1889–1974 | 2 |
| Theodor Lipps | 1851–1914 | 2 |
| Alejandro Lipschütz | 1883–1980 | 1 |
| Andrew A. (Andrew Adgate) Lipscomb | 1854–1915 | 1 |
| Louis Lipsky | 1876–1963 | 1 |
| Franz Liszt | 1811–1886 | 6 |
| Frederick Litchfield | 1850–1930 | 1 |
| Grace Denio Litchfield | 1849–1944 | 1 |
| Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth) Litchfield | born 1854 | 1 |
| Arthur Litle | 1883–1969 | 1 |